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Best Password Managers of 2026

Updated · 7 picks · live pricing · affiliate disclosure

The open-source overall pick at $0.83 with unlimited free devices and a Cure53 audit.

BEST OVERALL8.8/10Save $26.04/yr

Bitwarden

The open-source overall pick at $0.83 with unlimited free devices and a Cure53 audit.

30-day money back

How it stacks up

  • Free tier, unlimited devices

    vs 1-device or 25-password caps on most free tiers

  • Premium $0.83/mo, Families $3.33/mo

    vs $3 category-average typical-tier monthly

  • Open source plus self-host

    vs proprietary clients on every other pick

#2
NordPass7.0/10

From $1.79/mo

View
#3
Keeper6.1/10

From $2.92/mo

View

All picks at a glance

#PickBest forStartingFreeScore
1BitwardenBest overall and best free tier$0.83/mo8.8/10
2NordPassBest cheapest paid alternative outside 14 Eyes$1.79/mo7.0/10
3KeeperBest for compliance-driven business pricing$2.92/mo6.1/10
4Proton PassBest for privacy with Switzerland jurisdiction$4.99/mo5.1/10
5LastPassBest for users navigating the 2022 breach context$3.00/mo5.0/10
6DashlaneBest when you want password manager plus VPN$4.99/mo4.0/10
71PasswordBest for the polished SaaS-household experience$3.99/mo3.7/10

Quick pick by use case

If you only have thirty seconds, find your situation below and skip to that pick.

Compare all 7 picks

Free tierTop spec
#1Bitwarden8.8/10$0.83/mo$10.00/yrSave $26.04/yrFree tier, unlimited devices
#2NordPass7.0/10$1.79/mo$21.48/yrSave $14.52/yr1-device free tier
#3Keeper6.1/10$2.92/mo$34.99/yrSave $0.96/yr1-device free tier
#4Proton Pass5.1/10$4.99/mo$47.88/yr$23.88/yr moreFree with unlimited devices
#5LastPass5.0/10$3.00/moFree single-device tier
#6Dashlane4.0/10$4.99/mo$23.88/yr more25-password free tier
#71Password3.7/10$3.99/mo$47.88/yr$11.88/yr moreNo free tier, 14-day trial
#1

Bitwarden

8.8/10Save $26.04/yr

Best overall and best free tier

The open-source overall pick at $0.83 with unlimited free devices and a Cure53 audit.

PlanMonthlyAnnualWhat you get
FreeFreeUnlimited passwords across unlimited devices with basic 2FA; the most generous free tier in the category
Premium$0.83/mo$10.00/yrAdvanced 2FA, vault health reports, and 1GB encrypted file storage; the cheapest paid plan in the category
Families$3.33/mo$40.00/yrUp to 6 users with unlimited sharing and all premium features; the cheapest family plan in this guide

Bitwarden lands at the top of our composite for honest reasons. The wedge against 1Password and Dashlane is transparency: clients are open source under the GPL with reproducible builds, and the self-host option (Vaultwarden community build) lets paranoid users keep the entire stack on their own infrastructure. Cryptography has been independently audited by Cure53.

Free tier covers unlimited passwords across unlimited devices with basic 2FA, the most generous free tier in this guide. Premium at $0.83 a month (or $10 a year) is the cheapest paid plan in the category and unlocks advanced 2FA, vault health reports, and 1GB encrypted file storage. Families at $3.33 a month covers six users with unlimited sharing, the cheapest family plan in our seven picks.

The catch: the autofill UX is functional rather than polished, and the desktop apps trail 1Password on visual design. Default to Bitwarden when price, transparency, and self-host options matter; default to 1Password when polished autofill UX is the load-bearing requirement.

Pros

  • Lowest credible price in the category at $0.83 a month
  • Free tier covers unlimited passwords across unlimited devices
  • Open-source clients under the GPL with reproducible builds
  • Self-host option via Vaultwarden community build
  • Cure53 audited with published reports

Cons

  • Autofill UX is functional rather than category-leading
  • Visual design of desktop apps trails 1Password and Dashlane
Free tier, unlimited devicesPremium $0.83/mo, Families $3.33/moOpen source plus self-host30-day money back

Best for: Mainstream buyers who want the cheapest credible password manager and value an open-source option they can self-host.

Encryption
9
Autofill
8
Apps
7
Value
10
Support
7
#2

NordPass

7.0/10Save $14.52/yr

Best cheapest paid alternative outside 14 Eyes

The cheap non-14-Eyes pick at $1.79 with a Panama-based provider and a Cure53 audit.

PlanMonthlyAnnualWhat you get
FreeFreeUnlimited passwords on a single device with autofill and password generator
Premium$1.79/mo$21.48/yrMulti-device sync with data-breach scanner, email masking, and priority support; the second-cheapest paid plan in this guide
Family$4.99/mo$59.88/yrUp to 6 users with all Premium features and family sharing from a Panama-based provider

NordPass is the second-cheapest credible password manager in the category and the only one besides Proton Pass in a non-14-Eyes jurisdiction. The wedge against Bitwarden is jurisdiction (Panama sits outside the Five, Nine, and Fourteen Eyes alliances); the wedge against Proton Pass is price (Premium at $1.79 versus Proton Pass Plus at $4.99). Cure53 audited the cryptographic architecture in 2022 with a public report.

Free tier covers unlimited passwords on a single device with autofill and a password generator. Premium at $1.79 a month is the realistic-buyer tier covering multi-device sync, dark-web monitoring, email masking, and priority support. Family at $4.99 covers six users with full feature sharing.

The catch: free tier is single-device only (Bitwarden free covers unlimited devices), and clients are closed source without a self-host option. Pay $1.79 when cheap-and-not-US-based matters; default to Bitwarden when an open-source codebase is the buy or to Proton Pass when the integrated Swiss ecosystem leads.

Pros

  • Panama jurisdiction sits outside 14 Eyes
  • Premium at $1.79 a month is the second-cheapest credible paid plan
  • Cure53 audited cryptographic architecture in 2022
  • Email masking, breach scanner, and passkey support on Premium
  • Family at $4.99 covers six users

Cons

  • Free tier is single-device only
  • Closed-source clients without a self-host option
1-device free tierPremium $1.79/mo, Family $4.99/moPanama jurisdiction30-day money back

Best for: Cost-sensitive buyers who want a password manager from a non-14-Eyes jurisdiction without paying Proton Pass prices.

Encryption
8
Autofill
8
Apps
8
Value
9
Support
7
#3

Keeper

6.1/10Save $0.96/yr

Best for compliance-driven business pricing

The compliance-driven pick with FedRAMP Authorized, SOC 2, and ISO 27001 at $2.92.

PlanMonthlyAnnualWhat you get
FreeFreeUnlimited passwords on a single device with basic 2FA from a FedRAMP Authorized provider
Personal$2.92/mo$34.99/yrUnlimited devices with secure file storage, emergency access, and dark-web monitoring; the realistic-buyer tier
Family$6.25/mo$74.99/yrUp to 5 users with shared folders and 10GB encrypted storage on the FedRAMP-Authorized stack

Keeper is the password manager you pick when the buyer is also the person who reads compliance reports for a living. The wedge against Bitwarden, 1Password, and Proton Pass is the compliance stack: FedRAMP Authorized, SOC 2 Type 2, ISO 27001, HIPAA, and the most thorough public certification archive in the category. The CLI tool is mature for users who script secrets management.

Free tier covers unlimited passwords on a single device with basic 2FA. Personal at $2.92 a month is the realistic-buyer tier with unlimited devices, secure file storage, emergency access, and dark-web monitoring. Family at $6.25 covers five users with shared folders and 10GB encrypted storage.

The catch: closed-source clients without a self-host option, family plan covers 5 users (most competitors cover 6), and US jurisdiction sits inside 14 Eyes. Pay $2.92 when compliance-grade certifications drive the IT decision; default to Bitwarden for open source or to NordPass when non-14-Eyes jurisdiction matters more than FedRAMP.

Pros

  • FedRAMP Authorized plus SOC 2 plus ISO 27001 plus HIPAA
  • Personal at $2.92 a month with full feature set
  • Mature CLI for scripted secrets management
  • Native clients on Windows, Mac, Linux, iOS, Android
  • Largest public compliance archive in the category

Cons

  • Closed-source clients without a self-host option
  • Family plan covers 5 users vs 6 on most competitors
1-device free tierPersonal $2.92/mo, Family $6.25/moFedRAMP Authorized30-day money back

Best for: Small-business owners and regulated-industry contractors who want a consumer password manager with enterprise-grade compliance.

Encryption
8
Autofill
8
Apps
8
Value
7
Support
9
#4

Proton Pass

5.1/10$23.88/yr more

Best for privacy with Switzerland jurisdiction

The Swiss-privacy pick with open-source clients and integrated SimpleLogin email aliases.

PlanMonthlyAnnualWhat you get
FreeFreeUnlimited passwords across unlimited devices plus 10 SimpleLogin email aliases and 2FA from Switzerland
Plus$4.99/mo$47.88/yrUnlimited email aliases with integrated 2FA, dark-web monitoring, and vault sharing; the realistic-buyer tier
Family$7.99/mo$95.88/yrUp to 6 users with all Plus features and family vault sharing on the Swiss-jurisdiction stack

Proton Pass is the right pick when jurisdiction matters and you want one company managing your passwords, your email aliases, and your VPN. The wedge against NordPass is the integrated Proton ecosystem (Pass plus Mail plus Drive plus VPN under one bill, end-to-end encryption everywhere by default). Switzerland sits outside both the 14 Eyes alliance and the EU surveillance directive.

Free tier covers unlimited passwords across unlimited devices plus 10 SimpleLogin email aliases that make every signup a different inbox you can revoke without rotating your real address. Plus at $4.99 a month is the realistic-buyer tier covering unlimited aliases, integrated 2FA, dark-web monitoring, and vault sharing. Family at $7.99 covers six users with full vault sharing.

The catch: newer product launched in 2023 with a smaller feature surface than 1Password, and no native CLI for scripted secrets management. Open-source clients on GitHub with audit history. Pay $4.99 when one Swiss provider for the whole privacy stack matters; default to NordPass when the cheaper bill leads or to Bitwarden when self-host is the goal.

Pros

  • Switzerland sits outside 14 Eyes and EU surveillance directive
  • Open-source clients on GitHub with audit history
  • Free tier includes 10 integrated SimpleLogin email aliases
  • Family at $7.99 covers six users with full vault sharing
  • Bundles cleanly with Proton Mail, Drive, and VPN ecosystem

Cons

  • Newer product launched in 2023, smaller feature surface than 1Password
  • No native CLI for scripted secrets management
Free with unlimited devicesPlus $4.99/mo, Family $7.99/moSwitzerland jurisdiction30-day money back

Best for: Privacy-first users who want one Swiss provider managing passwords, email aliases, and the rest of the Proton stack.

Encryption
10
Autofill
7
Apps
8
Value
8
Support
7
#5

LastPass

5.0/10

Best for users navigating the 2022 breach context

The post-breach decision pick for users weighing whether to stay after 2022 or migrate.

PlanMonthlyWhat you get
FreeFreeUnlimited passwords on one device type for users still evaluating after the 2022 breach
Premium$3.00/moAll devices with dark-web monitoring and 1GB file storage; reasonable on price for the feature set
Families$4.00/moUp to 6 users with family dashboard and shared folders; informed users should weigh the 2022 breach context

LastPass is included so we can give a clear answer to the millions of users who still have data sitting in LastPass and want to know if they should stay or migrate. The 2022 breach disclosed encrypted vault data plus customer metadata, including unencrypted URL records that mapped each user's vault to the services they used. Vault contents remained encrypted with the user's master password.

Free tier limits you to a single device type. Premium at $3 a month covers all devices, dark-web monitoring, and 1GB file storage. Families at $4 covers six users with shared folders and a family dashboard. Free import tools accept exports cleanly when migrating elsewhere.

The catch: the 2022 breach is real and informed users should weigh it. Anyone with a strong master password and unique randomized passwords per site is functionally still safe; anyone with a weak or reused master password should rotate every credential in the vault immediately. Default to migration to Bitwarden, 1Password, or Proton Pass on the next subscription renewal; Bitwarden's free import accepts LastPass exports cleanly.

Pros

  • Premium at $3 a month is a reasonable price for the feature set
  • Free import tools accept exports cleanly when migrating elsewhere
  • Largest brand recognition in the password-manager category
  • Family at $4 covers six users with shared folders

Cons

  • 2022 breach disclosed encrypted vault data plus URL metadata
  • Free tier limits you to a single device type
Free single-device tierPremium $3/mo, Family $4/mo2022 breach disclosed30-day money back

Best for: Existing LastPass users weighing whether to stay after the 2022 breach or to migrate to a different vendor.

Encryption
5
Autofill
7
Apps
8
Value
7
Support
6
#6

Dashlane

4.0/10$23.88/yr more

Best when you want password manager plus VPN

The password-plus-VPN bundle pick at $4.99 with Hotspot Shield VPN included.

PlanMonthlyWhat you get
FreeFree25 passwords on one device with autofill; restrictive enough to push casual users to paid within a month
Premium$4.99/moUnlimited passwords across all devices with bundled Hotspot Shield VPN and dark-web monitoring
Family$7.49/moUp to 10 members with all Premium features and family dashboard; the largest family plan in this guide

Dashlane is the right answer when the math on a separate VPN subscription does not pencil out. The wedge against Bitwarden and 1Password is the bundle: Premium at $4.99 includes Hotspot Shield VPN with unlimited bandwidth across all devices. Family at $7.49 covers ten members, the largest family plan in our seven picks. Founded 2009 with a long autofill engine track record.

Free tier covers 25 passwords on a single device, restrictive enough to push casual users off the free tier within a month. Premium at $4.99 a month is the realistic-buyer tier covering unlimited passwords, all devices, the bundled VPN, and dark-web monitoring. Family at $7.49 covers 10 members with full feature sharing.

The catch: $4.99 typical against a $3 category average is a price-axis penalty (the VPN bundle does not appear in the scoring formula), and there is no native Linux desktop client. For users who would otherwise pay $5 a month for a separate VPN, Dashlane Premium is functionally a price match plus a password manager thrown in. Default to Dashlane when the VPN bundle math wins; default to Bitwarden when the bundle is not the buy.

Pros

  • Bundles Hotspot Shield VPN with unlimited bandwidth at $4.99
  • Family at $7.49 covers 10 members, the largest in the category
  • Dark-web monitoring with breach alerts on every plan
  • Native clients on iOS, Android, Mac, Windows, plus browser extensions
  • Founded 2009, mature product with a long autofill engine track record

Cons

  • Free tier is 25 passwords on one device, restrictive by design
  • No native Linux desktop client published by Dashlane
25-password free tierPremium $4.99/mo, Family $7.49/moHotspot Shield VPN included30-day money back

Best for: Users who would otherwise pay for a separate VPN subscription and want both products on one bill.

Encryption
7
Autofill
8
Apps
8
Value
7
Support
7
#7

1Password

3.7/10$11.88/yr more

Best for the polished SaaS-household experience

The polished mainstream pick with the cleanest autofill across all platforms; no free tier.

PlanMonthlyWhat you get
Individual$3.99/moUnlimited passwords across platforms with Watchtower alerts; the realistic-buyer tier for solo users
Families$5.99/moUp to 5 members with shared vaults and Recovery for forgotten master passwords
Teams Starter$19.95/moUp to 10 users with admin controls and guest accounts for small business teams
Business$7.99/moUnlimited users with SSO, SCIM, advanced reporting, and custom groups for company-wide deploys

1Password is what most SaaS-employed households end up using because it does the obvious thing well. The wedge against Bitwarden, NordPass, and the rest is the autofill UX: the cleanest experience across iOS, Android, Mac, Windows, and Linux. Watchtower's breach monitoring is more thorough than competitors' scanners, and Travel Mode hides selected vaults at border crossings.

Individual at $3.99 a month covers unlimited passwords, Watchtower alerts, Travel Mode, and secure notes. Families at $5.99 a month is the realistic-household tier covering up to five members with shared vaults, recovery codes, and per-person privacy controls. Teams Starter at $19.95 and Business at $7.99 a user add SSO and SCIM for company-wide deploys.

The catch: no free tier (14-day trial only before payment is required), which suppresses the composite score against picks that ship a free tier. Pay $3.99 when polished autofill UX is the load-bearing requirement; default to Bitwarden when free unlimited devices matters or to Proton Pass when Swiss jurisdiction leads.

Pros

  • Most-polished autofill UX of any pick across all major platforms
  • Watchtower alerts catch breaches and weak passwords proactively
  • Travel Mode hides selected vaults at border crossings
  • Family at $5.99 with Recovery for forgotten master passwords
  • Business plan adds SSO and SCIM for company-wide deploys

Cons

  • No free tier; 14-day trial only before payment is required
  • Composite score suppressed by the absence of free-tier weight
No free tier, 14-day trialIndividual $3.99/mo, Family $5.99/moBusiness plan adds SSO14-day trial

Best for: SaaS-employed households who want the most-polished autofill experience and value family Recovery as a load-bearing feature.

Encryption
9
Autofill
10
Apps
10
Value
7
Support
9

How we picked

Each pick gets a transparent composite score from price, features, free-tier availability, and editor fit. Pricing flows from our live database, so when a vendor changes prices the score updates here too.

Composite weights: price 40%, features 30%, free tier 15%, editor fit 15%. Bitwarden leads on math because Premium at $0.83 is the lowest credible price in the category and the free tier covers unlimited devices. 1Password ranks lower despite editorial weight because it has no free tier.

We don't claim "30,000 hours of testing." Our methodology is the formula above plus the editor's published verdict for each pick. Verifiable, auditable, and updated when the underlying data changes.

Why trust Subrupt

We're a subscription tracker first, a buying guide second. Every claim on this page is something you can check.

By use case

Best free tier

Bitwarden

Read the full review →

Cheapest paid

NordPass

Read the full review →

Best for privacy

Proton Pass

Read the full review →

Best for families

1Password

Read the full review →

Best for business

Keeper

Read the full review →

Didn't make the list

Lifetime plan plus local-first sync option for buyers who want to own their data. Individual at $1.99 a month or one-time lifetime purchase. India-based; not audited.

How to choose your Password Manager

Why a password manager is worth paying for

A password manager replaces the cognitive load of remembering passwords with the cognitive load of remembering one master password. The math is straightforward: every credential in your vault is randomly generated and unique, so a breach of any single service exposes only that service. Browser-saved passwords are not a substitute. They sync only within one ecosystem, do not cover non-browser apps, do not warn about reused passwords, and do not store passkeys, 2FA codes, or secure notes. The cheapest paid pick in our list (Bitwarden Premium at $0.83 a month) costs less than a coffee a year. The free tiers on Bitwarden, Proton Pass, and NordPass cover most casual use without paying.

Zero-knowledge encryption is table stakes

Every pick in our list encrypts your vault on your device with keys derived from your master password before anything reaches the vendor. The vendor stores ciphertext that the company physically cannot read. Recovery is impossible without the master password (this is the trade-off). The differentiator across picks is not whether they do zero-knowledge but how. Bitwarden and Proton Pass publish open-source clients you can verify. 1Password and Keeper publish architecture whitepapers with audit history. LastPass disclosed in 2022 that some metadata was stored unencrypted. When picking, prefer providers whose cryptographic architecture has been independently audited (Cure53, NCC Group, Trail of Bits) within the last 24 months.

Jurisdiction and the 14 Eyes question

A password manager incorporated in any of the 14 Eyes countries (Five Eyes plus their Nine Eyes and Fourteen Eyes intelligence partners) can be compelled to hand over data, including by national security letter without notification to the user. Switzerland (Proton Pass) and Panama (NordPass) sit outside this alliance. For most users storing personal credentials, this is mostly theoretical because the vault is encrypted client-side and a compelled disclosure produces ciphertext rather than readable passwords. For users storing client credentials under regulated industries, journalists, activists, or anyone with a credible threat model, jurisdiction is load-bearing.

Family plans and the per-person math

Family plans are the budget breakthrough. Bitwarden Families at $3.33 a month covers six users for a per-person cost of 56 cents. 1Password Families at $5.99 covers five users at $1.20 per person. Dashlane Family at $7.49 covers ten members at 75 cents per person. Compare against running one Premium subscription per family member: 1Password Individual is $3.99 each, so a family of four pays $15.96. The family plan pays back within the first month if you have two or more household members and unlocks Recovery (designate a family member who can restore vault access if you forget your master password), which removes the single biggest password-manager risk.

Passkeys, MFA, and the future of master passwords

Every pick in our list supports passkey storage natively. Passkeys are FIDO2 / WebAuthn credentials that replace the password-plus-2FA dance with a single device-bound credential. Apple, Google, Microsoft, and the major browsers all support passkeys in 2026, and password managers are the cross-platform sync layer that lets you use the same passkey on iOS and Android. Multi-factor authentication on the master vault itself is non-negotiable: turn it on with a hardware key (YubiKey) if your threat model warrants, or with a TOTP app for everyone else. Bitwarden, 1Password, and Proton Pass all support FIDO2 hardware keys for vault unlock.

When the free tier is genuinely enough (and when it is not)

Affiliate-driven guides push paid plans because the commission math points there. The honest answer: two free tiers in 2026 cover most readers and you do not need to upgrade unless a specific feature trips a real need. Bitwarden Free covers unlimited passwords on unlimited devices with basic 2FA, the same vault encryption as Premium, and the open-source server you can self-host. Proton Pass Free adds 10 SimpleLogin email aliases and Switzerland jurisdiction on top of unlimited passwords across unlimited devices. The threshold to upgrade is concrete: vault sharing across more than one person (Families plans), advanced 2FA hardware-key support beyond TOTP (Bitwarden Premium at $10 a year), dark-web breach monitoring (Premium across most picks), or 1 GB of encrypted file storage (Premium-only on Bitwarden and LastPass). If none of those cross the threshold, free is the right answer.

Frequently asked questions

Why is Bitwarden at #1 over 1Password or Dashlane?

Composite math, not editorial preference. Bitwarden Premium at $0.83 typical scores against a category average of $3, the free tier covers unlimited passwords on unlimited devices, the clients are open source under the GPL, and Cure53 has audited the architecture. Together that puts Bitwarden five points above 1Password on composite. The score formula is on the page.

Should I leave LastPass after the 2022 breach?

If your master password was strong and unique and you used randomly-generated passwords per site, your vault contents are still encrypted and functionally safe. If your master password was weak or reused, rotate every credential in the vault immediately and migrate to Bitwarden, 1Password, or Proton Pass. Bitwarden's free import tool accepts LastPass exports cleanly. The migration takes about 30 minutes per user.

What does zero-knowledge encryption actually mean for a password manager?

Your vault is encrypted on your device using a key derived from your master password. The vendor receives only ciphertext and physically cannot read your passwords. The trade is recovery: lose the master password and the data is gone for good unless you set up a recovery method (Emergency Access, Recovery codes). Every pick in this guide implements zero-knowledge except where noted; LastPass disclosed in 2022 that some metadata was stored unencrypted.

Why no RoboForm, Apple Passwords, or KeePassXC in the picks?

Each lost a deliberate cut. RoboForm has fallen behind on passkey UX and family-plan depth versus Bitwarden and 1Password; Security.org still ranks it #1 but most other top guides have moved on. Apple Passwords is good but Apple-only ecosystems disqualify cross-platform searchers on Windows or Android. KeePassXC is open source and excellent, but the absence of built-in sync is a power-user wedge rather than a mainstream pick. We point readers to Bitwarden for the open-source story.

Is the LastPass-style breach risk the same on Bitwarden or 1Password?

Lower for Bitwarden because the open-source server lets you self-host and isolate your data from any vendor breach. Lower for 1Password because of the secret-key architecture (a per-account 128-bit key combined with the master password during decryption). Equivalent for the closed-source providers if their cryptography is sound. The 2022 LastPass breach was unusually severe because some account metadata was stored unencrypted alongside the encrypted vault.

Can I share family passwords across iOS, Android, and PC users?

Yes on every family plan in our seven picks. 1Password Families, Bitwarden Families, NordPass Family, Proton Pass Family, Keeper Family, Dashlane Family, and LastPass Families all sync across iOS, Android, Mac, Windows, and major browsers. The family member with the strongest devices does not constrain the rest. Family Recovery (where one member can restore another's vault) is implemented on 1Password and Bitwarden families specifically.

Why is jurisdiction relevant if my vault is encrypted?

A compelled disclosure under a 14 Eyes country gag order produces only ciphertext, but it also produces metadata about which services you use, your account email, the timestamps of vault edits, and (in 2022 LastPass) sometimes URL records mapped to each entry. For most users this is acceptable; for journalists, activists, and regulated-industry contractors handling client data, picking a non-14-Eyes provider (Proton Pass in Switzerland, NordPass in Panama) reduces the metadata exposure surface.

Will my vault data migrate cleanly between providers?

Most providers offer a one-shot CSV or JSON export. Bitwarden imports cleanly from every other provider in this list. 1Password imports from LastPass, Bitwarden, Dashlane, and Keeper. Proton Pass imports from Bitwarden, 1Password, and LastPass. The friction is on TOTP codes (some providers re-encode the seed during migration) and passkey portability (still being standardized in 2026). Plan for 15 to 30 minutes of migration time per user including 2FA reset on critical accounts.

Is the free tier enough for an individual?

Bitwarden Free covers most individuals: unlimited passwords, unlimited devices, basic 2FA. Proton Pass Free adds 10 email aliases on top of the same coverage. NordPass, LastPass, and Dashlane free tiers are restrictive (single device, or 25 passwords) and push you to paid plans. If you want one master password across phone and laptop, Bitwarden Free or Proton Pass Free is enough. Paid plans are worth it for vault sharing, dark-web monitoring, or family Recovery.

How often do we update this page?

Pricing and feature flags refresh from our service catalog automatically when a vendor updates a plan in our database. Composite scores and tile assignments recompute on the next page render. Editorial prose (rationales, FAQ, buying-guide sections) is reviewed quarterly. The lastReviewed date at the top of the page is the source of truth for when human eyes last walked it.

Subrupt Editorial

The team behind subrupt.com. We track subscriptions, surface cheaper alternatives, and publish buying guides where the score formula is on the page so you can recompute it yourself. We do not claim 30,000 hours of testing. What we claim is live pricing from our database, a transparent composite score, and honest savings math against a category baseline.

Last reviewed

Citations

Affiliate disclosure: Subrupt earns a commission when you switch to a service through our recommendation links. This never changes the price you pay. We only recommend services where there's a real cost or feature advantage for you, and our picks are based on the data on this page, not on which programs pay the most.

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